Sunday, May 17, 2015

Paper 2 - Things Fall Apart

How does Things Fall Apart conform to, or deviate from, the conventions of a particular genre, and for what purpose?   

            Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a novel written in 1958 and follows the life of Okwonkwo, a strong willed man who is a part of the Ibo tribe in Nigeria. By following several characters throughout the novel, the reader is able to step into the shoes of a complex tribe who has their identity stripped away by British colonizers and Christian missionaries. As the tribe begins falling apart, there are many aspects of realism shown in the novel because the plotline can be applied to similar situations in history. African literature was not highlighted until the 1950’s, one of the primary reasons why their struggle and their side of the story is not commonly known today. Things Fall Apart is considered to be a realistic fiction because it reflects the Ibo culture and their history accurately and authentically while also showing the friction between the two different cultures and allows the reader to draw their own conclusions from the captivating plotline that Achebe brings about.   
            Achebe has been highly praised for his ability to show the Ibo culture and the situations they have had to endure without bias, allowing the reader to draw their own conclusions. A good characteristic of a realistic novel is that it challenges the reader to think of ethical and moral implications and allows them to draw their own conclusions, while relating the plot and the characters to their own personal experiences. The egwugwu, the evil forest, the secret societies, and other complex traditions were just given to the audience with no personal opinions connected. When Achebe introduced the tradition that twins are thrown in the evil forest to die, he did not include any personal opinions and introduced it quite blandly and simply stated it as a fact. This allows the reader to recall their personal beliefs and opinions and draw their own conclusions on something like that. Unlike a lot of old literature about the African culture, this is one of the few books that gives the raw details of the culture. It is an accurate representation of human life, and it is realistic. The audience can relate to the love between Enzima and Ekwefi or the motivation that Okwonkwo has. With an accurate representation of human life and authentically representing the culture, many aspects of realism shine through. Although Achebe does not directly show how each individual person was affected with the colonization, he shows it subtly through the structure, thus changing the mood and tone throughout the novel, and allowing the readers to really understand what the Ibo went through. Throughout parts 1, 2, and 3, the clan begins falling apart. In part 1, the culture is shown and there are flashbacks, such as recalling Unoka’s laziness, and special events; there is a harmony in the culture. The sentences are short and the ideas bounce off of each other and everything seems to go well. In the second part, the harmony is still there but there are instances where the white people are mentioned. These instances seem to disrupt the harmony, but then it goes on. In the third part, the Ibo have been colonized, the sentences get longer, it is more linear and sequential, and the structure is very clear and organized. This shows how the Ibo went from harmonious and happy to structured and constrained.  Their identity and their love for their culture was taken away from them, and the audience can feel this just by reading the novel. So while the effect of the changing plot is not directly stated, being able to step into their shoes allows the reader to draw their own conclusions. The changing structure is realistic and shows exactly how a group of people can begin falling apart.
            The sociopolitical part of the novel is also a reason why this story is realistic. Colonization happened, Christian missionaries did influence a big portion of Africa, and land was taken. Although this novel is not a historic novel because it is not based on exact people and exact events, it is something that happened and it is realistic and believable. There is clear tension between the two different cultures, something that is realistic. There is a difference in perspectives between people in the own culture, something is also realistic. The setting and plot is reflective of the cultural and social status of the clan and the individual characters. Similar to how Mr. Brown used kindness and care as a way of influence, Christian missionaries came in peace and that is how they were able to influence. Unlike Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, where the Africans are portrayed as savages and as incompetent, Things Fall Apart shows both sides of the story, without directly antagonizing one side. Again, this allows the reader to be able to relate the plot to their own lives and understand how it is realistic. Students in Korea are able to relate this novel to their experience with the Japanese colonization. When an author accomplishes to take one plotline and be able to apply it to many different situations effectively, the have succeeded at writing a realistic fiction.

            In conclusion, we can see that giving the audience information as it is and allowing them to form their own opinions is at the heart of a successful realistic novel. Achebe was able to revolutionize African literature because he took real events and made it a fiction. Following Okwonkwo and other characters, the audience can’t help but sympathize with the characters and the internal and external conflicts they face. 

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